Civil Boss

IS 269:1989 – Specification for ordinary Portland cement, 33 grade IS 383:1970 – Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete IS 455:1989 Specification for Portland slag cement IS 456:2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete IS 457:1957 Code of practice for general construction of plain and reinforced concrete for dams and other massive structures IS 516:1959 Method of test for strength of concrete IS 650:1991 Specification for standard sand for testing of cement IS 1199:1959 Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete IS 1343:1980 Code of practice for prestressed concrete IS 1344:1981 Specification for calcined clay pozzolana IS 1489(Part 1):1991 Specification for Portland pozzolana cement Part 1 Flyash based IS 1489(Part 2):1991 Specification for Portland-pozzolana cement: Part 2 Calcined clay based IS 1727:1967 Methods of test for pozzolanic materials IS 2386(Part 1):1963 Methods of test for aggregates for concrete: Par...

When you finally do sit down to interview with a prospective employer and you are really, sincerely interested in working for them, then it is important for you to be prepared to handle every facet of the job interview. If you can focus yourself on the most important facets of the initial employment interview with a company that you are serious about working for, then you should be able to relax yourself, as well as to be more in control of the message that you are trying to send to the prospective employer. By now you should have a pretty basic idea of the biggest and most critical mistakes that need to be avoided in your initial job interview if you want to be successful in proving to the interviewer that you are the best candidate for the job. There is an art to job interviews, and by taking the tips and information in this report seriously, you have already taken positive steps to mastering this excellent art. Once you learn how to master job interviews, you will not have trouble s...

A girder is a support beam used in construction. Girders often have an I-beam cross section for strength, but may also have a box shape, Z shape or other forms. Girder is the term used to denote the main horizontal support of a structure which supports smaller beams. A girder is commonly used many times in the building of bridges, and planes. The Warren type girder combines strength with economy of materials and can therefore be relatively light. Patented in 1848 by its designers James Warren and Willoughby Theobald Monzani, its structure consists of longitudinal members joined only by angled cross-members, forming alternately inverted equilateral triangle-shaped spaces along its length, ensuring that no individual strut, beam, or tie is subject to bending or torsional straining forces, but only to tension or compression. It is an improvement over the Neville truss which uses a spacing configuration of isosceles triangles.

1) insert your hand in cement it should give cool feeling not warm(moisture content). 2)it should not content any lumps or dust 3)it should be green color 4)take pinch of cement rubbed between fingers it should give smooth finish(feeling). 5)take handful of cement and throw it into bucket full of water it should float on the surface of water for some time.

The excessive presence of silt in the sand reduces the bonding between cement and aggregates. It increases water demand for concrete. This reduces the strength of the concrete.   It also modifies the setting times of concrete. It can cause cracks in hardened concrete. Hence, silt content is undesirable in the sand. Here is a simple method to find out the silt content in sand.   The permissible limit of silt content The silt content should be less than 8 % by volume.   What to do if silt content is more than the allowable limit? The sand having silt content more than 8 %, should not be used in concrete. However, the sand can be used after washing. It brings the sand content below the permissible limit.   Frequency of Testing of silt content The silt content should be tested daily and once for each truck at the time of unloading at sites.

A Retaining Wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil. The basement wall is thus one form of retaining wall. However, the term is most often used to refer to a cantilever retaining wall, which is a freestanding structure without lateral support at its top Typically retaining walls are cantilevered from a footing extending up beyond the grade on one side and retaining a higher level grade on the opposite side. The walls must resist the lateral pressures generated by loose soils or, in some cases, water pressures. The most important consideration in proper design and installation of retaining walls is to recognize and counteract the fact that the retained material is attempting to move forward and downslope due to gravity. This creates lateral earth pressure behind the wall which depends on the angle of internal friction (phi) and the cohesive strengt...

A theodolite is a precision instrument for measuring angles in the horizontal and vertical planes. Theodolites are mainly used for surveying applications, and have been adapted for specialized purposes in fields like meteorology and rocket launch technology. A modern theodolite consists of a movable telescope mounted within two perpendicular axes — the horizontal or trunnion axis, and the vertical axis. When the telescope is pointed at a target object, the angle of each of these axes can be measured with great precision, typically to seconds of arc. Transit refers to a specialized type of theodolite developed in the early 19th century. It featured a telescope that could "flip over" ("transit the scope") to allow easy back-sighting and doubling of angles for error reduction. Some transit instruments were capable of reading angles directly to thirty seconds. In the middle of the 20th century, "transit" came to refer to a simple form of theodolite with less p...

Burj Khalifa known as Burj Dubai prior to its inauguration, is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and is currently the tallest man-made structure ever built, at 828 m (2,717 ft). Construction began on 21 September 2004, with the exterior of the structure completed on 1 October 2009. The building officially opened on 4 January 2010, and is part of the new 2 km2 (490-acre) flagship development called Downtown Dubai at the 'First Interchange' along Sheikh Zayed Road, near Dubai's main business district.

A contour line (also isoline or isarithm) of a function of two variables is a curve along which the function has a constant value. In cartography, a contour line (often just called a "contour") joins points of equal elevation (height) above a given level, such as mean sea level. A contour map is a map illustrated with contour lines, for example a topographic map, which thus shows valleys and hills, and the steepness of slopes. The contour interval of a contour map is the difference in elevation between successive contour lines.

Tips on e-mailing - from my Experience an HR who receives thousands of resumes daily Today sending resumes through e-mails is the most effective & fastest way of job hunting. If you notice your resume getting rejected frequently and inadequate responses to your emails, go through the following ten tips to increase the effectiveness of your resume. 1. While applying for a job, as far as possible try to put the company's mailID in the 'TO' column instead of keeping it in the 'CC' or 'BCC' column. 2. Do not keep any other company's mailID in the 'CC' of the same mail. 3. If necessary you can keep your own mailID in the 'CC' of the same mail. 4. While sending resumes to many E-mail Ids at the same time, keep all the addresses in the 'BCC' of the mail which will not be visible for the recipients. Also put your own mailID in the 'TO' column. 5. You can paste your resume in the mail Text or can be attached as a document unl...

The preparation of estimates represents one of the most important functions performed in any business enterprise. In the construction industry, the quality of performance of this function is paramount to the success of the parties engaged in the overall management of capital expenditures for construction projects. The estimating process, in some form, is used as soon as the idea for a project is conceived. Estimates are prepared and updated continually as the project scope and definition develops and, in many cases, throughout construction of the project or facility. The parties engaged in delivering the project continually ask themselves “What will it cost?” To answer this question, some type of estimate must be developed. Obviously, the precise answer to this question cannot be determined until the project is completed. Posing this type of question elicits a finite answer from the estimator. This answer, or estimate, represents only an approximation or expected value for the cost...

We know about the traditional ways of construction and we should start the construction work of the next slab after completing the previous one. We can construct the slabs, pillars and other things at a time in the form work construction. We can construct the slabs every week and there is no need to wait for the completion of the curing. This is mostly popular in Korea. The quality and finishing of the slabs, pillars and walls will be good as the shuttering works are done with the aluminum plates. As the rendering is done, the surface will be formed very nicely. It is very easy to take the shuttering items from one floor to another floor. The wiring and the plumbing works are done after the concrete works but they are started earlier. There won’t be mistakes in the construction works and there is no need of the plastering works or the walls. There is no need of more number of workers and the scrap is less.

Design and  Construction of  Concrete Formwork Concrete formwork serves as a mold to produce concrete elements having a desired size and configuration. It is usually erected for this purpose and then removed after the concrete has cured to a satisfactory strength. In some cases, concrete forms may be left in place to become part of the permanent structure. For satisfactory performance, formwork must be adequately strong and stiff to carry the loads produced by the concrete, the workers placing and finishing the concrete, and any equipment or materials supported by the forms. For many concrete structures, the largest single component of the cost is the formwork. To control this cost, it is important to select and use concrete forms that are well suited for the job. In addition to being economical, formwork must also be constructed with sufficient quality to produce a finished concrete element that meets job specifications for size, position, and finish. The forms must also b...

B.E. / B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL / MAY 2004 Sixth Semester Civil Engineering CE338 – TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING – II (Model Question Paper) Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 Marks Answer ALL questions Part – A (10 x 2 = 20 Marks) 1. State the role of railways in economic development of the nation. 2. What are the components of permanent way? 3. What do you understand by creep in rails? State any two of its impact. 4. What do you mean by Track-circuiting? 5. List the different types of airport parking systems. 6. Write different systems of aircraft parking adjacent to terminal building. 7. State any two factors which necessitate the navigational aids in water transport. 8. Compare the warehouse and transit sheds in terms of their purpose and location. 9. What is meant by BOT concept? 10. How net present value (NPV) is defined? Part – B (5 x 16 = 80 Marks) 11. (a) Define the two measures of benefit cost ratio and evaluate the Benefit Cost Ratio criteria. ...

B.E / B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL / MAY 2004 Sixth Semester Civil Engineering CE337 – STRUCTURAL DESIGN – II (Model Question Paper) Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 Marks Answer ALL questions Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel for all problems Part – A (10 x 2 = 20 marks) 1. Define moment of resistance. 2. What are the three factors must be considered while designing a water retaining structure? 3. Distinguish between characteristic strength and design strength. 4. What are the magnitudes of crack width allowed in concrete structures for various environments? 5. What are the effects of shear in RC beams? 6. Distinguish between flexural bond and anchorage bond. 7. Define Slenderness ratio of column. How columns are classified based on this ratio? 8. Distinguish between braced and unbraced column. 9. Under what circumstances is a trapezoidal shape preferred to a rectangular shape for a two column combined footing? 10. Define cavity wall and shear wall. Part – B (5 x 16 = 80...

B.E / B. Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL / MAY 2004 Sixth Semester Civil Engineering CE 339 – ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING – II (INCLUDING DRAWING) (Model Question Paper) Time : Four hours Maximum : 100 Marks Answer ALL questions Part – A (10 x 2 = 20 marks) 1. State the purpose of aeration process. 2. What do you mean by “Terminal velocity gradient (G)”? 3. Define microstraining. 4. State the method of disposal of screenings. 5. What is sutro weir? 6. How do you distinguish between plug flow and completely mixed flow? 7. What do you mean by epilimnion zone in lakes? 8. State the difference between sewage forming and effluent irrigation. 9. State the causes for bulking of sludge in activated sludge process. 10. What do you mean by two stage digestion of sludge? Part – B (5 x 16 = 80 Marks) 11. (i) Explain the theory of filtration in water purification. (ii) Distinguish between slow sand rapid sand filters with reference to a. Rate of filtration b. Filter media of sand c. L...

Foundation Engineering is an important subject in civil engineering covering soil investigation, bearing capacity, settlement, shallow foundations, deep foundations, piles, and related topics. Below is a sample question paper suitable for civil engineering students and interview/exam preparation. FOUNDATION ENGINEERING – SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER Subject: Foundation Engineering Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 100 Instructions Answer all questions in Section A . Answer any five questions from Section B. Answer any two questions from Section C. Assume suitable data wherever necessary and clearly state your assumptions. Use relevant IS/BS/other applicable standards where required. SECTION A – Short Answer Questions 10 × 2 = 20 Marks Answer all questions. 1. What is a foundation? 2. What is the difference between shallow and deep foundations? 3. Define ultimate bearing capacity. 4. What is safe bearing capacity? 5. What is allowable bearing pressure? 6. Define ...

Top Construction Companies in the World The construction industry includes companies involved in buildings, highways, bridges, airports, railways, tunnels, energy projects, industrial facilities, and major infrastructure . Because there is no single definition of “top,” companies can be ranked by construction revenue, international presence, project size, or specialist expertise . ENR's 2026 Top 400 Contractors, for example, ranks U.S. contractors by 2025 construction revenue. 🌍 Major Construction Companies 1. China State Construction Engineering Corporation (CSCEC) Country: China CSCEC is one of the world's largest construction and engineering groups. Its activities cover building construction, infrastructure, investment, design and other construction-related services. It has been widely recognized as one of the world's largest construction companies by revenue. ( ConstructionPlacements ) 2. Bechtel Country: United States Bechtel is a major engineering, construction and...

What Is Ready-Mix Concrete? Advantages, Disadvantages and Uses Ready-mix concrete (RMC) is concrete that is produced in a batching or mixing plant according to a specified mix design and delivered to the construction site in a fresh condition , usually using transit mixer trucks. Unlike concrete mixed manually or in small site mixers, ready-mix concrete is produced under controlled conditions and supplied to the project when required. RMC is widely used for buildings, bridges, highways, foundations, slabs, columns, industrial structures, and infrastructure projects . How Is Ready-Mix Concrete Produced? The typical RMC process is: Raw Materials → Batching → Mixing → Transportation → Site Testing → Placement → Compaction → Finishing → Curing The main ingredients are: Cementitious materials Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate Water Admixtures, where required The quantities are controlled according to the approved concrete mix design. Types of Ready-Mix Concrete RMC can be supplied in differe...