The Civil Blog

IS 269:1989 – Specification for ordinary Portland cement, 33 grade IS 383:1970 – Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete IS 455:1989 Specification for Portland slag cement IS 456:2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete IS 457:1957 Code of practice for general construction of plain and reinforced concrete for dams and other massive structures IS 516:1959 Method of test for strength of concrete IS 650:1991 Specification for standard sand for testing of cement IS 1199:1959 Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete IS 1343:1980 Code of practice for prestressed concrete IS 1344:1981 Specification for calcined clay pozzolana IS 1489(Part 1):1991 Specification for Portland pozzolana cement Part 1 Flyash based IS 1489(Part 2):1991 Specification for Portland-pozzolana cement: Part 2 Calcined clay based IS 1727:1967 Methods of test for pozzolanic materials IS 2386(Part 1):1963 Methods of test for a

When you finally do sit down to interview with a prospective employer and you are really, sincerely interested in working for them, then it is important for you to be prepared to handle every facet of the job interview. If you can focus yourself on the most important facets of the initial employment interview with a company that you are serious about working for, then you should be able to relax yourself, as well as to be more in control of the message that you are trying to send to the prospective employer. By now you should have a pretty basic idea of the biggest and most critical mistakes that need to be avoided in your initial job interview if you want to be successful in proving to the interviewer that you are the best candidate for the job. There is an art to job interviews, and by taking the tips and information in this report seriously, you have already taken positive steps to mastering this excellent art. Once you learn how to master job interviews, you will not have trouble s

A girder is a support beam used in construction. Girders often have an I-beam cross section for strength, but may also have a box shape, Z shape or other forms. Girder is the term used to denote the main horizontal support of a structure which supports smaller beams. A girder is commonly used many times in the building of bridges, and planes. The Warren type girder combines strength with economy of materials and can therefore be relatively light. Patented in 1848 by its designers James Warren and Willoughby Theobald Monzani, its structure consists of longitudinal members joined only by angled cross-members, forming alternately inverted equilateral triangle-shaped spaces along its length, ensuring that no individual strut, beam, or tie is subject to bending or torsional straining forces, but only to tension or compression. It is an improvement over the Neville truss which uses a spacing configuration of isosceles triangles.

1) insert your hand in cement it should give cool feeling not warm(moisture content). 2)it should not content any lumps or dust 3)it should be green color 4)take pinch of cement rubbed between fingers it should give smooth finish(feeling). 5)take handful of cement and throw it into bucket full of water it should float on the surface of water for some time.

As per is code, it is 3% ,but considering the compulsion to use the available river sand in the nearby, this limit can be increased up to 5% ,if adverse effect is not observed on the strength of concrete cubes tested by conducting trial mix test in laboratory, it is up to the description of engineer in-charge to amend the limits giving due weight age to all the factors as mentioned.

A retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil. The basement wall is thus one form of retaining wall. However, the term is most often used to refer to a cantilever retaining wall, which is a freestanding structure without lateral support at its top Typically retaining walls are cantilevered from a footing extending up beyond the grade on one side and retaining a higher level grade on the opposite side. The walls must resist the lateral pressures generated by loose soils or, in some cases, water pressures. The most important consideration in proper design and installation of retaining walls is to recognize and counteract the fact that the retained material is attempting to move forward and downslope due to gravity. This creates lateral earth pressure behind the wall which depends on the angle of internal friction (phi) and the cohesive strength

A theodolite is a precision instrument for measuring angles in the horizontal and vertical planes. Theodolites are mainly used for surveying applications, and have been adapted for specialized purposes in fields like meteorology and rocket launch technology. A modern theodolite consists of a movable telescope mounted within two perpendicular axes — the horizontal or trunnion axis, and the vertical axis. When the telescope is pointed at a target object, the angle of each of these axes can be measured with great precision, typically to seconds of arc. Transit refers to a specialized type of theodolite developed in the early 19th century. It featured a telescope that could "flip over" ("transit the scope") to allow easy back-sighting and doubling of angles for error reduction. Some transit instruments were capable of reading angles directly to thirty seconds. In the middle of the 20th century, "transit" came to refer to a simple form of theodolite with less p

Burj Khalifa known as Burj Dubai prior to its inauguration, is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and is currently the tallest man-made structure ever built, at 828 m (2,717 ft). Construction began on 21 September 2004, with the exterior of the structure completed on 1 October 2009. The building officially opened on 4 January 2010, and is part of the new 2 km2 (490-acre) flagship development called Downtown Dubai at the 'First Interchange' along Sheikh Zayed Road, near Dubai's main business district.

A contour line (also isoline or isarithm) of a function of two variables is a curve along which the function has a constant value. In cartography, a contour line (often just called a "contour") joins points of equal elevation (height) above a given level, such as mean sea level. A contour map is a map illustrated with contour lines, for example a topographic map, which thus shows valleys and hills, and the steepness of slopes. The contour interval of a contour map is the difference in elevation between successive contour lines.

Tips on e-mailing - from my Experience an HR who receives thousands of resumes daily Today sending resumes through e-mails is the most effective & fastest way of job hunting. If you notice your resume getting rejected frequently and inadequate responses to your emails, go through the following ten tips to increase the effectiveness of your resume. 1. While applying for a job, as far as possible try to put the company's mailID in the 'TO' column instead of keeping it in the 'CC' or 'BCC' column. 2. Do not keep any other company's mailID in the 'CC' of the same mail. 3. If necessary you can keep your own mailID in the 'CC' of the same mail. 4. While sending resumes to many E-mail Ids at the same time, keep all the addresses in the 'BCC' of the mail which will not be visible for the recipients. Also put your own mailID in the 'TO' column. 5. You can paste your resume in the mail Text or can be attached as a document unl

Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Earthquake Strong Shaking 25.3 Site-Specific Amplification Illustrative Site Response Problem 25.4 Soil Liquefaction Illustrative Soil Liquefaction Problem 25.5 Seismic Slope Stability 25.6 Summary 25.1 Introduction Geotechnical factors often exert a major influence on damage patterns and loss of life in earthquake events. For example, the localized patterns of heavy damage during the 1985 Mexico City and 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquakes provide grave illustrations of the importance of understanding the seismic response of deep clay deposits and loose, saturated sand deposits. The near failure of the Lower San Fernando dam in 1971 due to liquefaction of the upstream shell materials is another grave reminder that we must strive to understand the seismic response of critical earth structures. The characteristics and distribution of earth materials at a project site significantly influence the characteristics of the earth

Construction Estimating 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Estimating Defined 1.3 Estimating Terminology 1.4 Types of Estimates Conceptual Estimates • Time and Location Adjustments • Detailed Estimates 1.5 Contracts Method of Award • Method of Bidding/Payment 1.6 Computer-Assisted Estimating 1.1 Introduction The preparation of estimates represents one of the most important functions performed in any business enterprise. In the construction industry, the quality of performance of this function is paramount to the success of the parties engaged in the overall management of capital expenditures for construction projects. The estimating process, in some form, is used as soon as the idea for a project is conceived. Estimates are prepared and updated continually as the project scope and definition develops and, in many cases, throughout construction of the project or facility. The parties engaged in delivering the project continually ask themselves “What will it cost?” To answer this question, some type o