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IS 269:1989 – Specification for ordinary Portland cement, 33 grade IS 383:1970 – Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete IS 455:1989 Specification for Portland slag cement IS 456:2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete IS 457:1957 Code of practice for general construction of plain and reinforced concrete for dams and other massive structures IS 516:1959 Method of test for strength of concrete IS 650:1991 Specification for standard sand for testing of cement IS 1199:1959 Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete IS 1343:1980 Code of practice for prestressed concrete IS 1344:1981 Specification for calcined clay pozzolana IS 1489(Part 1):1991 Specification for Portland pozzolana cement Part 1 Flyash based IS 1489(Part 2):1991 Specification for Portland-pozzolana cement: Part 2 Calcined clay based IS 1727:1967 Methods of test for pozzolanic materials IS 2386(Part 1):1963 Methods of test for aggregates for concrete: Par...

When you finally do sit down to interview with a prospective employer and you are really, sincerely interested in working for them, then it is important for you to be prepared to handle every facet of the job interview. If you can focus yourself on the most important facets of the initial employment interview with a company that you are serious about working for, then you should be able to relax yourself, as well as to be more in control of the message that you are trying to send to the prospective employer. By now you should have a pretty basic idea of the biggest and most critical mistakes that need to be avoided in your initial job interview if you want to be successful in proving to the interviewer that you are the best candidate for the job. There is an art to job interviews, and by taking the tips and information in this report seriously, you have already taken positive steps to mastering this excellent art. Once you learn how to master job interviews, you will not have trouble s...

A girder is a support beam used in construction. Girders often have an I-beam cross section for strength, but may also have a box shape, Z shape or other forms. Girder is the term used to denote the main horizontal support of a structure which supports smaller beams. A girder is commonly used many times in the building of bridges, and planes. The Warren type girder combines strength with economy of materials and can therefore be relatively light. Patented in 1848 by its designers James Warren and Willoughby Theobald Monzani, its structure consists of longitudinal members joined only by angled cross-members, forming alternately inverted equilateral triangle-shaped spaces along its length, ensuring that no individual strut, beam, or tie is subject to bending or torsional straining forces, but only to tension or compression. It is an improvement over the Neville truss which uses a spacing configuration of isosceles triangles.

1) insert your hand in cement it should give cool feeling not warm(moisture content). 2)it should not content any lumps or dust 3)it should be green color 4)take pinch of cement rubbed between fingers it should give smooth finish(feeling). 5)take handful of cement and throw it into bucket full of water it should float on the surface of water for some time.

The excessive presence of silt in the sand reduces the bonding between cement and aggregates. It increases water demand for concrete. This reduces the strength of the concrete.   It also modifies the setting times of concrete. It can cause cracks in hardened concrete. Hence, silt content is undesirable in the sand. Here is a simple method to find out the silt content in sand.   The permissible limit of silt content The silt content should be less than 8 % by volume.   What to do if silt content is more than the allowable limit? The sand having silt content more than 8 %, should not be used in concrete. However, the sand can be used after washing. It brings the sand content below the permissible limit.   Frequency of Testing of silt content The silt content should be tested daily and once for each truck at the time of unloading at sites.