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Termites are eusocial insects that are classified at the taxonomic rank of infraorder Isoptera, or as epifamily Termitoidae within the cockroach order Blattodea. Termites were once classified in a separate order from cockroaches, but recent phylogenetic studies indicate that they evolved from close ancestors of cockroaches during the Jurassic or Triassic. However, the first termites possibly emerged during the Permian or even the Carboniferous. About 3,106 species are currently described, with a few hundred more left to be described. Although these insects are often called "white ants", they are not ants, popularly known as white ants cause considerable damage to wood works, furnishing etc. of buildings. There are more than 2,500 different types of termites in the world. To identify the termite and its uniqueness, the life cycle of termite is necessary to understand. Anti-termites are used before blinding to combat the problem.         The purpose of anti-termit...

Glassfibre Reinforced Concrete or GRC is one of the most versatile building materials available to architects and engineers. Composed principally of cement, sand and special alkali resistant (AR) glassfibres, GRC is a thin, high strength concrete with many applications in construction.The GRC-Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete, which was first invented by 'pilkington' in UK and developed successfully by rest of the continent, is a product having unique combination of properties unchallenged by any other existing material in the construction industry. Glass Fibre Concrete can be moulded into wide varieties of shapes and contours to become an architectural element of any building. In fact CRC is tailor made; it can take any profile or shape as per consumer's requirement. This flexibility is what gives the material its tremendous demand in a wide ranging variety of applications.   INTRODUCTION :- WHAT'S GRC? Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete (sometimes called Glass Fibre...

Interview Question's   What are the steps involved in the concreting process, explain?   The major steps involved in the process of concreting are as follows: 1.      Batching: The process of measurement of the different materials for the making of concrete is known as batching. batching is usually done in two ways: volume batching and weight batching. In case of volume batching the measurement is done in the form of volume whereas in the case of weight batching it is done by the weight. 2.      Mixing: In order to create good concrete, the mixing of the materials should be first done in dry condition and after it wet condition. The two general methods of mixing are: hand mixing and machine mixing. 3.      Transportation and placing of concrete: Once the concrete mixture is created it must be transported to its final location. The concrete is placed on form works and should always be dropped on its final...

  Green concrete is a revolutionary topic in the history of concrete industry. This was first invented in Denmark in the year 1998. Green concrete has nothing to do with colour. It is a concept of thinking environment into concrete considering every aspect from raw materials manufacture over mixture design to structural design, construction, and service life. Green concrete is very often also cheap to produce, because, for example, waste products are used as a partial substitute for cement, charges for the disposal of waste are avoided, energy consumption in production is lower, and durability is greater. Green concrete is a type of concrete which resembles the conventional concrete but the production or usage of such concrete requires minimum amount of energy and causes least harm to the environment. The CO2 emission related to concrete production, inclusive of cement production, is between 0.1 and 0.2 t per tonne of produced concrete. However, since the total amount of concrete...

IS 269:1989 – Specification for ordinary Portland cement, 33 grade IS 383:1970 – Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete IS 455:1989 Specification for Portland slag cement IS 456:2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete IS 457:1957 Code of practice for general construction of plain and reinforced concrete for dams and other massive structures IS 516:1959 Method of test for strength of concrete IS 650:1991 Specification for standard sand for testing of cement IS 1199:1959 Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete IS 1343:1980 Code of practice for prestressed concrete IS 1344:1981 Specification for calcined clay pozzolana IS 1489(Part 1):1991 Specification for Portland pozzolana cement Part 1 Flyash based IS 1489(Part 2):1991 Specification for Portland-pozzolana cement: Part 2 Calcined clay based IS 1727:1967 Methods of test for pozzolanic materials IS 2386(Part 1):1963 Methods of test for aggregates for concrete: Par...