A waterproofing membrane is a layer of water-tight
material that lies on concrete or any other surface to prevent water leaks or
damages. The process usually consists of liquid-applied or pre-formed sheet
membranes.
The objective of waterproofing is to secure a building from
all kinds of water damages and prevent further repair work on the structure.
Excess water exposure can enlarge the foundation cracks and joints, leading to
issues with leakage, deterioration, and spalling that will require repairs.
Before water damage leads to bigger issues in a building, waterproofing can
provide:
Safety: Damage due to a lack of waterproofing can be so
severe that it impacts the integrity of the building, resulting in an unsafe
environment.
A way to strengthen the structure: Waterproofing membranes
prolong the lifespan of a building by limiting any moisture that may intrude
and cause rust, rotting, corrosion, structural defects, or other damage to
property and contents.
A healthier environment: Waterproofing can help provide a
space that is well-maintained and protected from different elements. The build-up
on the walls and ceilings can cause fungus and mold growth, leading to
allergies and health issues.
The different types of waterproofing membranes consist of
the following primary materials.
1. Self-Adhesive Modified Bituminous Membrane
Self-adhesive modified bituminous membranes are composed of asphalt,
polymers, and tackifiers, and may contain mineral stabilizers. The product may
be reinforced with fiberglass, polyester, or a combination of the two. Products
designed for exposure to the elements typically will be surfaced with mineral
granules, coatings, films, or other opaque surfacing.
2. Polymer-Modified Bitumen Membrane
The most widespread materials for the creation of the waterproofing
layer are the polymer-bitumen roll-fed sheet membranes. These materials could
also be used as an underlay for pitched roofs and as a vapor barrier.
3. EPDM Membrane
It is a preformed elastomeric waterproofing membrane made
of high-quality EPDM rubber. It exhibits high tensile strength, elongation,
tear strength, and resistance to weathering, heat aging, ozone, UV rays, acids,
alkalis, and oxygenated solvents.
4. Thermoplastic Membrane
Thermoplastic roof membranes are distinct from other commercial
roofing systems. It is a blend of polypropylene, ethylene-propylene and is
often reinforced with polyester. Sheets of TPO can contain UV absorbers,
colorants, flame retardants, or other add-ins to achieve the required physical
properties.
5. Bituminous Membrane (Asphalt)
Hot melt liquid bituminous rubber blend structural waterproofing
systems with an interlaid reinforcement can be used in roof and podium deck
applications to provide a seamless waterproofing membrane for high green roofs
and podiums, and are sometimes specified for winter applications where low
temperatures are common.
6. Polyurethane Membrane
These products come with a fibre-enhanced, water-based polyurethane
membrane that has been designed for a range of waterproofing applications where
the membrane is to be covered with tiles, screeds, concrete beds, and more.
These membranes offer excellent adhesion properties for use on building
substrates, including concrete, masonry, renders, cement sheeting, wet area
sheet surfaces, and plasterboard surfaces.
7. Chemical Grouting to Seal Cement Structures
Hydrophilic chemical grouts have flexibility and resilience after
full cure. This will allow movement to occur in the structure without damaging
the seal. Hydrophobic resins are rigid after curing and do not recover from
compression. If the structure moves, there is a good chance the cell structure
will be damaged and leaks will reappear. Hydrophobic chemical grout is low
viscosity and permeates loose and non-consolidated soils readily.
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