A civil engineer is a person who practices civil
engineering, one of the many professions of engineering. Originally a civil
engineer worked on public works projects and was contrasted with the military
engineer, who worked on armaments and defences. Over time, various branches of
engineering have become recognized as distinct from civil engineering,
including chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical
engineering, while much of military engineering has been absorbed by civil
engineering. In languages other than English, a term corresponding to
"Civil engineer" refers instead to an engineer with a high enough
academic degree.
In some places, a civil engineer may perform land surveying;
in others, surveying is limited to construction surveying, unless an additional
qualification is obtained. On some U.S. military bases, the personnel
responsible for building and grounds maintenance, such as grass mowing, are
called civil engineers and are not required to meet any minimum educational requirements.
Civil engineering is usually divided into particular
specialties, such as geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, land
development, transportation engineering, hydraulic engineering, or
environmental engineering.
Education and licensure
In most countries, a civil engineer will have graduated from
a post-secondary school with a degree in civil engineering, which requires a
strong background in mathematics, construction and the physical sciences; this
degree is typically a four-year degree, though many civil engineers study
further to obtain a masters, engineer, doctoral and post doctoral degrees. In
many countries, civil engineers are subject to licensure. People who do not
obtain a license may not call themselves "civil engineers."
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